新手如何通过Docker搭建PHP开发环境,而不再是直接基于宿主机搭建

准备

1、如果使用阿里服务器那么你需要先登录阿里后台,安全配置将容器所用的端口打开,阿里不支持systemctl iport打开端口

2、端口:mysql(3306)、php(9000)、nginx(80)

更新yum

yum -y update

//docker加速

curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://68abbefd.m.daocloud.io service docker restart

创建搭建目录

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mkdir -p /mydata
vim dir.init
mkdir -p /mydata/deploy/nginx && \
mkdir -p /mydata/deploy/nginx/conf.d && \
mkdir -p /mydata/deploy/nginx/sites && \
mkdir -p /mydata/deploy/mysql && \
mkdir -p /mydata/deploy/php/sites
:wq
chmod u+x dir.init
./dir.init

搭建Docker环境(不推荐使用DockerFile)

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cd /mydata;
vim docker.run;
sudo yum remove docker \
docker-common \
docker-selinux \
docker-engine \
&& \
sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
device-mapper-persistent-data \
lvm2 \
&& \
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo \
&& \
sudo yum install docker-ce \
&& \
sudo systemctl start docker
:wq
chmod u+x docker.run
./docker.run

创建公用网络

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docker network create demo

早期的方式一般用link还有就是简单或临时容器之间访问,如果说容器较多的时候用network,而且network可以动态设置不需要容器杀死。

安装Nginx

安装

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docker search nginx //从docker库查看你想安装的nginx版本或者运行下面的命令直接拉取nginx最新的镜像
docker pull nginx //不指定版本号默认为latest
cd /mydata/deploy/nginx
vim docker.run
#docker stop nginx && docker rm nginx && \ //如果安装出错再打开
docker run \
--name nginx \
-p 80:80 \
-v `pwd`/sites:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro \
-v `pwd`/conf.d:/usr/share/nginx/conf.d \
-v `pwd`/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d:ro \
--network demo \
-d \
nginx
:wq
chmod u+x docker.run
./docker.run

排错

1、输入服务器ip提示无权限访问

2、检测80端口是否开放

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systemctl status firewalld //查看防火墙状态,
systemctl start firewalld //开启防火墙
firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports //查看开放的端口 是否有80
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent //开放80端口
firewall-cmd --reload //使配置生效

2、iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.

3、在开发环境中,如果你删除了iptables中的docker链,或者iptables的规则被丢失了(例如重启firewalld),docker就会报iptables error例如:failed programming external connectivity ⋯ iptables: No chain/target/match by that name

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systemctl restart docker //重启docker服务 再重复 ./docker.run 就ok了
!!!如果遇见其他错误自行google
vim /mydata/deploy/nginx/conf.d/test.localhost.com.conf
server {
server_name test.localhost.com;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
:wq
cd /mydata/deploy/nginx
./docker.run //每次修改配置你都需要重新生成容器,记得把第一行打开
浏览器运行,如果没什么问题 会访问nginx/sites/index.html

安装php

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docker search php //我用的是php7.2
docker pull php:7.2-fpm
cd /mydata/deploy/php7
vim docker.run
#docker stop php7 && docker rm php7 \
docker run \
--restart=always \
-v $PWD/sites:/var/www/html \
-v $PWD/conf.d/sites-enabled:/usr/local/etc/php \
-p 9000:9000 \
--name=php7 \
--network demo \
-d \
php:7.2-fpm
:wq
chmod u+x docker.run
./docker.run

创建默认的nginx.conf

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server {

listen 80 default_server;

server_name _;

root /usr/share/nginx/html;

location / {

index index.html index.htm index.php;

autoindex off;

}

location ~ \.php(.*)$ {

root /var/www/html;

fastcgi_pass php7:9000; #因为我们最开始创建一个网络,所以这里可以直接用容器的名字

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_split_path_info ^((?U).+\.php)(/?.+)$;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;

fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info;

include fastcgi_params;

}

}
:wq
cd /mydata/deploy/nginx
./docker.run
vim /mydata/deploy/nginx/sites/index.php
<?php
echo phpinfo();
chmod 755 /mydata/deploy/nginx/sites/index.php
chmod 755 /mydata/deploy/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
此时访问服务器ip/index.php 应该会出现phpinfo的信息

安装MySQL

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cd /mydata/deploy/mysql
vim docker.run
#docker stop mysql && docker rm mysql && \
docker run \
--name mysql \
-p 3306:3306 \
-v /mydata/deploy/mysql/dbdata:/var/lib/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=demo123 \
--network mall-net \
-d \
mysql
:wq
chmod u+x docker.run
docker pull mysql
./docker.run

允许外网访问

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docker exec -it  mysql bin/bash
mysql -u root -p
use mysql;
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
flush privileges;

不出意外这时候你的数据库也可以访问了